Study Guide
Field 118: World History/Geography
Test Design and Framework
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The test design below describes general assessment information. The framework that follows is a detailed outline that explains the knowledge and skills that this test measures.
Test Design
*Does not include 15-minute C B T tutorial
Test Framework
subarea roman numeral 1–World History
Competency 0001–Understand historical terms, concepts, and research skills; and demonstrate the ability to analyze and interpret historical information.
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- Demonstrate knowledge of historical terms and concepts (e.g., revolution, hegemony, continuity and change, nation-state, interdependence, racism, culture) and use these terms and concepts to analyze general historical phenomena and specific historical events.
- Demonstrate the ability to use reference resources (e.g., encyclopedias, almanacs, biographical dictionaries, the Internet), documents, and historical narratives to investigate historical questions, and apply criteria to assess the reliability and credibility of resources in the social studies.
- Recognize the differences between primary and secondary sources of historical information, analyze their advantages and limitations, and evaluate the usefulness of primary and secondary sources for specific inquires.
- Place historical events and developments in a chronological framework; interpret data presented in a timeline; evaluate how multiple, complex events are shaped by unique circumstances of time and place as well as broader historical contexts; and analyze interacting factors that influence multiple perspectives during different historical eras.
- Apply research skills and processes of critical historical inquiry (e.g., formulating hypotheses, gathering data, identifying central questions addressed in historical narratives, analyzing cause-and-effect relationships, distinguishing significant events and developments from those that are inconsequential, applying interdisciplinary lenses to gather and evaluate information, assessing the credibility and objectivity of historical sources, recognizing forms of political propaganda, identifying further areas of inquiry and additional relevant sources).
- Interpret historical data presented in various visual formats (e.g., graphs, charts, tables, maps, political cartoons); evaluate information from a variety of texts; and cite specific evidence to draw conclusions, support analyses, and defend arguments related to historical events and developments.
- Distinguish statements of fact from expressions of opinion; analyze the assumptions, points of view, and biases of historical texts; and evaluate the extent to which historical, cultural, and/or global perspectives affect an author's stated or implied purpose, use of evidence, and conclusions.
Competency 0002–Understand and analyze the historical development of major ancient Mediterranean civilizations.
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- Demonstrate knowledge of the geographic location; political and economic organization; and cultural development of the Sumerian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Persian, and Hebrew civilizations.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the economic, political, and social development of ancient Greece; recognize the significance of the Macedonian conquest of Greece; and describe the spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great.
- Examine the contributions of major Greek artists, writers, philosophers, and scientists (e.g., Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Sophocles, Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Herodotus, Thucydides, Archimedes); and describe the social structure, concept of citizenship, and development of Athenian democracy.
- Analyze Roman military domination of the Mediterranean basin and Western Europe, examine the development of Roman society, and evaluate the expansion and influence of Roman culture in the ancient world.
- Describe Roman contributions in government (e.g., classical republicanism), art, architecture, technology, science, literature, history, philosophy, language, and law.
- Evaluate the economic, social, cultural, and political impact of the Pax Romana; and analyze reasons for the decline and fall of the Roman Empire (e.g., economic mismanagement, invasions of the Visigoths and Vandals).
- Demonstrate knowledge of the origins, principal beliefs, and historical development of the world's major religions and philosophies, including Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Confucianism, and Sikhism.
Competency 0003–Understand and analyze the historical development of major Asian, African, and American civilizations.
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- Demonstrate knowledge of the development of Indian civilization, recognize the significance of Hinduism in Indian culture, analyze India's caste system, and examine the conquest of India by Muslim Turks and Mongols.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the development of Chinese civilization during the Qin, Han, T'ang, and Sung dynasties (e.g., the impact of Confucianism and Taoism, the concept of the Mandate of Heaven, the construction of the Great Wall).
- Examine factors related to Japanese historical development (e.g., physical isolation, the significance of Shintoism and Buddhism, the influence of Chinese and Korean cultures).
- Demonstrate knowledge of the location and principal characteristics (e.g., cultural exchanges and trade practices) of early African kingdoms (e.g., Kush, Ghana, Mali).
- Describe and compare major features of the Olmec, Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations (e.g., hierarchical societies, religious ceremonialism, agriculture, science and technology, art, monumental architecture).
- Evaluate the economic, political, and cultural impact of interregional trade networks prior to the Age of Exploration.
- Analyze the institution of slavery in world civilization prior to the fifteenth century, including the role of warfare and economic practices as motivating factors of enslavement, and the variety of regions and social and economic contexts in which slavery existed.
Competency 0004–Understand and analyze the development of world civilization from the fall of the Roman Empire through the Middle Ages.
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- Demonstrate knowledge of the expansion of Islam and the creation of the Muslim world, recognize reasons for the division between Sunni and Shia Muslims, and describe Muslim contributions to world civilization (e.g., mathematics, art and architecture, medicine, science and technology).
- Recognize major features of Byzantine civilization, examine the rise of Constantinople and the expansion of the Byzantine Empire, analyze the conflicts that led to the split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, and evaluate Byzantine influence on Kievan Russia and Eastern Europe.
- Define feudalism, describe the structure of European feudal society during the Middle Ages, and compare feudalism in Europe and Asia.
- Analyze the spread and influence of Christianity; and examine the social, political, economic, and cultural roles of the Roman Catholic Church in medieval Europe.
- Demonstrate knowledge of major conflicts among Eurasian powers from 800 to 1300 CE (e.g., the Magyar invasions, the Crusades, the Mongol conquests, the rise of the Ottoman Turks).
- Analyze developments and events between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries that disrupted and transformed the medieval order in Europe, including Magna Carta, climatic changes, famine, the Black Death, the rise of towns, conflicts (e.g., wars, civil wars), and religious schism.
Competency 0005–Understand and analyze the origins, events, and achievements of the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution and their influence on the development of world civilization.
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- Examine the cultural, economic, and political foundations of the Renaissance (e.g., the influence of classical Greek and Roman culture, Arabic science and philosophy, increased trade, new economic practices, the rise of Italian city-states, the role of the Medicis), describe fundamental Renaissance ideals, and compare Renaissance and medieval cultures.
- Recognize examples of the artistic, literary, scientific, political, and intellectual creativity of the Renaissance period (e.g., Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Catherine de' Medici, Niccolò Machiavelli, Dante Alighieri, Miguel de Cervantes, Francis Bacon, William Shakespeare); and analyze the spread of Renaissance concepts and perspectives throughout Europe.
- Examine the theological and political issues that emerged during the Reformation and recognize the major figures and events of the period (e.g., Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry the eighth, the Council of Trent).
- Demonstrate knowledge of how the theological movements of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation transformed European society and analyze the influence of religious conflicts on government policies and actions (e.g., the Edict of Nantes, the Thirty Years' War, the Peace of Westphalia, the reign of Elizabeth the first).
- Evaluate the long-term impact of the Renaissance (e.g., science, humanism, the arts) and Reformation (e.g., division of Christendom, popular literacy, rise of nation states) on the development of European civililzation.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the major figures, scientific theories, and technological advances of the early modern era (e.g., those of Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, William Harvey, and Isaac Newton); and evaluate the influence of the Scientific Revolution on the development of European and world civilizations.
Competency 0006–Understand and analyze the principal causes and consequences of European expansion and the responses and interactions among European and non-European societies.
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- Demonstrate knowledge of the political, economic, scientific, and technological factors encouraging European expansion during the Age of Exploration.
- Recognize key European figures associated with major explorations and the establishment of colonial empires during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries (e.g., Prince Henry the Navigator, Christopher Columbus, Bartolomé de Las Casas, Ferdinand Magellan, Hernan Cortés).
- Analyze the effects of cultural diffusion and exchange during the Age of Exploration (e.g., exchanges of ideas, technology, and agricultural practices and products; the introduction of new diseases and the decimation of indigenous populations; the expansion of African and indigenous slavery; trade in gold, fur, and tobacco; the arrival of the horse in the Americas).
- Demonstrate knowledge of global migration and settlement patterns during the Age of Exploration and describe the colonial empires established by European powers between 15 hundred and 17 hundred.
- Describe the competition for resources during the Age of Exploration and the rise of mercantilism; and demonstrate knowledge of the emergence of money and banking, global economics, and market systems.
- Examine interactions between European and non-European societies (e.g., armed resistance, political and military alliances, cultural borrowing and adaptation, assimilation) and analyze the social, economic, political, and intellectual effects of European expansion on Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas.
- Explain how slavery and the slave trade was used for the development and growth of European colonial economies.
Competency 0007–Understand and analyze major political, economic, and social developments in Europe and the Americas during the Age of Revolution.
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- Analyze the rise of nation states and examine the establishment, organization, and effects of absolute and enlightened monarchies in Europe (e.g., Louis the fourteenth, Frederick the Great, Peter the Great, Catherine the Great).
- Assess the influence of Enlightenment ideas in Europe and in Great Britain's North American colonies (e.g., the ideas of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Baron de Montesquieu, Adam Smith, and Thomas Jefferson) and analyze the impact of the Enlightenment on modern government and economic institutions.
- Describe and compare the origins, major features, key events, and significant consequences of the English, American, and French revolutions.
- Recognize major political concepts expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, and analyze their influence and impact on the modern history of the world.
- Examine the spread of democratic ideals beyond Europe and the United States and demonstrate knowledge of major developments and key individuals in the struggle for Latin American and Caribbean independence (e.g., Simón Bolívar, José de San Martin, Toussaint Louverture).
- Analyze the influence of the Enlightenment and the Age of Revolution on the arts, philosophy, and literature in Europe (e.g., Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Francisco Goya, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven) and the Americas (e.g., Benjamin Franklin, Sor Juan Ines de la Cruz, the Jesuit dissemination of Enlightenment ideas in Spanish America).
Competency 0008–Understand and analyze the major political, social, and economic developments of the nineteenth century.
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- Analyze the impact of the Congress of Vienna, examine the Revolutions of 1848, and demonstrate knowledge of the expansion of democracy in nineteenth-century Europe (e.g., the Chartist movement, British reform laws).
- Examine the changing roles of natural resources, energy, and technology that resulted in the Industrial Revolution; and examine the effects of major scientific and technological innovations (e.g., the inventions of James Watt, Henry Bessemer, and Eli Whitney) on the development of world civilization.
- Describe the rise and impact of industrial economies; and analyze important outcomes of the process of industrialization (e.g., the growth of cities, the transformation from artisan economies to industrial economies, the expansion of child labor, the replacement of home-based work by factory-based work).
- Analyze the emergence of capitalism and free enterprise within industrialized nations and evaluate responses to capitalism (e.g., utopianism, socialism, communism, trade unionism), including the ideas of Karl Marx.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the rise of nationalism in nineteenth-century Europe and compare the unification of Italy and Germany.
- Describe the Mughal and Quing empires of India and China, demonstrate knowledge of the cultural characteristics of each civilization, and analyze the reasons why European nations were able to expand their influence in southern and eastern Asia.
- Identify economic, military, political, and scientific motives and rationales for the pursuit of colonial empires; describe the structure of colonial societies; and examine rivalries among colonial powers.
- Analyze interactions among European imperialist powers and the colonized peoples of Asia and Africa and describe the effects of imperialism on Asia and Africa, including the exploitation of natural resources and peoples and efforts by indigenous populations to resist imperialist powers.
- Evaluate the impact of the Meiji Restoration in Japan (e.g., industrialization, constitutionalism, armed conflicts with China and Russia) and analyze why Japan was able to modernize its society more rapidly than other Asian nations.
Competency 0009–Understand and analyze major historical developments of the first half of the twentieth century, including the causes and consequences of the two world wars.
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- Demonstrate knowledge of the causes (e.g., militarism, nationalism, imperialism, the European alliance system, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand), major events, technological developments (e.g., the introduction of the aircraft), immediate effects, and long-term global consequences of World War 1 (e.g., cost in human life, the Treaty of Versailles).
- Examine the origins of the Bolshevik Revolution and the creation of the Soviet Union; and analyze the rise, ideological underpinnings, and human costs of totalitarian regimes (e.g., elimination of human and political rights, denial of religious freedom, use of terror and violence) in the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, and Japan.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the principal factors that precipitated World War 2 (e.g., global depression, the failure of the Treaty of Versailles, German aggression, Japanese imperialism); analyze strategic decisions, major campaigns, and key events of the war (e.g., the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Battle of Midway, the Battle of Stalingrad, D-day, the use of the atomic bomb on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki); and evaluate major figures who occupied leadership roles during the conflict (e.g., Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Josef Stalin, Hideki Tojo).
- Examine the causes, key events, effects, and world reactions to the Holocaust (e.g., systemic antisemitism, response to Jewish refugees from Europe before the outbreak of war, debate over whether to bomb the concentration camps, the Nuremberg trials, the establishment of a Jewish homeland, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights).
- Analyze major consequences of World War 2 (e.g., the founding of the United Nations [UN], the growth of U.S. political and economic leadership, the arms race, the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization [N A T O] and the Warsaw Pact, the beginning of the Cold War).
- Recognize major philosophical, literary, and artistic movements of the modern age (e.g., rationalism, existentialism, impressionism, surrealism) and analyze how those movements have and continue to shape contemporary understanding of the world, the individual, and the nature of the human condition.
Competency 0010–Understand and analyze major political developments, economic trends, and social movements since 1945.
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- Examine the emergence of revolutionary movements in Asia and Africa, identify major leaders of these movements (e.g., Mohandas Gandhi, Mao Zedong, Ho Chi Minh, Kwame Nkrumah, Jomo Kenyatta, Nelson Mandela), and demonstrate knowledge of how African and Asian countries gained independence from European colonial rule.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the creation of the modern state of Israel and examine recurring conflicts between and among Israel and its Arab neighbors (e.g., military control of the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights, disputes between Israelis and Palestinians over Jerusalem and the West Bank).
- Examine major events and developments of the Cold War (e.g., the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union, the formation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact, the Berlin blockade and airlift, Soviet control of Eastern Europe, the contest for outer space, the Cuban Missile Crisis) and analyze the collapse of the Soviet Union and the disintegration of the Soviet bloc (e.g., Poland's Solidarity movement, the policies of perestroika and glasnost, the fall of the Berlin Wall, the breakup of the Soviet Union).
- Analyze the causes and consequences of important political revolutions and military and political conflicts since World War 2 (e.g., the Korean War, the Cuban Revolution, the Indo-Pakistani wars, the Vietnam War, the Balkan Wars, the Iranian Revolution, the Gulf and Iraq Wars).
- Describe the Great Leap Forward and the Chinese Cultural Revolution, examine the prodemocracy student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, and analyze the growth of China as a world economic and political power.
- Examine major religious and ethnic conflicts since World War 2 (e.g., the Troubles in Northern Ireland, ethnic cleansing in the Balkans) and the employment of genocide and the displacement of ethnic and religious communities (e.g., Cambodia, Rwanda, Darfur, Guatemala).
- Analyze significant economic and political developments of the postwar era (e.g., the creation of the welfare state, the development of the European Union, the growth of multinational organizations, the rise of Islamic fundamentalism), social movements (e.g., feminism, racial justice, immigrant rights), and critical contemporary issues (e.g., climate change, international terrorism, global income disparity, rising nationalism, the refugee crisis).
- Examine the impact of new technologies on world societies, analyze the causes of economic globalization, and assess the social and cultural consequences of an increasingly interdependent global community.
subarea roman numeral 2–Geography
Competency 0011–Understand how geographic elements, maps, and tools are used to represent and analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface.
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- Demonstrate knowledge of the six elements of geographic organization (the world in spatial terms, places and regions, physical systems, human systems, environment and society, application of geographic data) and use them to develop geographic concepts and investigate geographic phenomena.
- Recognize and apply basic cartographic concepts (e.g., latitude and longitude, distance, relative versus absolute location, regionalization, direction, elevation, scale).
- Compare maps and globes, demonstrate knowledge of different map projections and the problem of cartographic distortion, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of standard map projections.
- Interpret information presented on different types of maps (e.g., physical, topographical/contour, highway, political, thematic) and recognize how mental maps of the political and physical features of Earth's surface are used to organize information about people, places, and environments.
- Identify and describe physical, political, and cultural features of the world (e.g., landforms, bodies of water, climate zones, countries, regions, population centers, linguistic groups, cultural regions) on maps of different types and scales; and utilize geographic skills to understand and analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments on Earth's surface.
- Compare and analyze complex maps and mapping technologies to evaluate spatial patterns of environmental and cultural characteristics and to explain relationships between the environment and historical and contemporary events.
- Demonstrate knowledge of basic geographic reference sources (e.g., atlases, almanacs, gazetteers, encyclopedias) and recognize their usefulness and limitations in acquiring, analyzing, and processing geographic information.
- Demonstrate knowledge of geographic technologies and sources of data, including geographic information system [GIS], remote sensing, GPS, census data, population pyramids, cartograms, and satellite imagery; and utilize these tools to analyze geographic phenomena and address social and economic issues.
Competency 0012–Understand how to apply geographic concepts, data, and tools to analyze geographic problems and issues.
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- Formulate questions that can be answered by geographic inquiry, apply basic procedures used in geographic research to acquire and organize information, and assess the credibility and objectivity of primary and secondary sources of geographic information.
- Integrate visual information, draw conclusions, and make predictions from geographic information presented in different visual formats (e.g., maps, charts, population pyramids, cartoons, photographs).
- Define and apply the concepts of region and place; identify the major political, physical, cultural, and economic regions of the United States and the world; explain how and why regions change over time through physical and human processes; analyze evolving interconnections among places; and use the concepts of place and region to interpret geographic information and analyze geographic issues.
- Examine how geographic factors have influenced historical events and developments (e.g., the political boundaries created by rivers and mountains, the cultural isolation produced by islands and deserts, the impact of topography on the spread of plagues and epidemics, the influence of climate on major military campaigns), including the causes and processes of environmental changes over time that provide both opportunities and limitations on human development.
- Apply geographic concepts (e.g., demographic cycle, cultural convergence, technology transfer, population density, cultural hearth, resource availability, ethnic separatism) to examine public policy questions and analyze contemporary issues with spatial dimensions (e.g., acid rain, regional military confrontations, economic globalization, nuclear proliferation).
- Integrate specific geographic information to support analysis from primary and secondary sources (e.g., texts, documents, newspapers, magazines, journals, political cartoons, online news sources); evaluate authors' points of view and potential bias; assess competing claims and differing interpretations of geographic issues; and use geographic knowledge, skills, and perspectives to analyze current events and issues and evaluate alternative courses of actions.
Competency 0013–Understand and analyze human systems and recognize the ways in which societies are organized and how they interact with each other.
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- Define and apply the concept of culture to understand human societies; analyze the spatial dimensions of culture as defined by language, religion, ethnicity, and gender; examine the influence of environment on culture; and evaluate the mechanisms and roles of cultural diffusion, acculturation, assimilation, and globalization.
- Demonstrate knowledge of major cultural groups associated with particular world regions, compare characteristics of various cultures (e.g., language, cultural identity, social mores, sets of beliefs, clothing, habitation, population homogeneity or diversity, government, religion, food, patterns of livelihood, art and literature), assess common cultural traits shared by diverse peoples across different regions of Earth, analyze the responses of indigenous populations to external cultural pressures, and examine how cultural characteristics impact human perceptions and interactions.
- Recognize the purposes of human settlements, examine how the organization and functions of human settlements have changed over time (e.g., the Neolithic agricultural revolution, the influence of modern transportation and communication technologies); and compare historical and contemporary urban, suburban, and rural settlements.
- Analyze the impact of geography on population distribution, density, growth, patterns of composition, and demographic transitions; demonstrate knowledge of the causes and effects of historical and contemporary migrations of human populations; compare and contrast the impact of population policies on patterns of fertility, mortality, and health; and assess how the push and pull factors of migration have affected settlement patterns and the human characteristics of places over time.
- Analyze the concepts of territoriality and sovereignty and challenges to political/territorial arrangements; examine the nature and meaning of boundaries and their influence on identity, interaction, and exchange; demonstrate knowledge of the ways in which diverse societies organize themselves politically, including federal and unitary states; compare the structures of representative governments and authoritarian systems; explain how government policies and activities influence economic activity and the distribution of wealth; and evaluate the extent of individual liberties under different forms of government.
- Identify factors that influence the location and distribution of economic activities; evaluate how the three levels of economic activities (i.e., primary, secondary, and tertiary) contribute to the development of nations and regions; analyze patterns of global interdependence, world trade, and international division of labor; evaluate the impact of industrialization and government policies on the availability and sustainable development of natural resources; and compare contemporary patterns of industrialization and development in diverse regions of the world.
- Identify reasons for conflict and cooperation among and between groups; examine how the forces of cooperation (e.g., European Union, Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and conflict among peoples and nations influence the division and control of territory and resources; distinguish between developed and developing regions (e.g., level of development, industrialization and deindustrialization, literacy rate, life expectancy, infant mortality, per capita income); and evaluate how political, economic, and cultural forces challenge contemporary political arrangements.
Competency 0014–Understand Earth's physical processes and systems, and analyze the relationship between human societies and the environment.
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- Recognize how Earth's physical systems and processes (e.g., plate tectonics, glaciation, erosion, volcanism) influence and shape Earth's surface, and describe the characteristics and spatial distribution of major ecosystems (e.g., rain forests, deserts, deciduous forests, tundra, grassland).
- Explain how the factors and processes of latitude, elevation, Earth-Sun relationships, prevailing winds, oceanic circulation, and proximity to bodies of water influence climate.
- Identify different kinds of natural resources (e.g., air, water, soil, minerals, plants, animals) and the predominant natural resources found in each world region; recognize how human societies make use of these resources; evaluate the impact of the distribution of major renewable and nonrenewable resources on different regions; explain how competition for scarce resources can cause economic and political conflict and cooperation; and analyze changes that occur in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of various resources.
- Analyze how human actions modify the physical environment (e.g., use of the plough, crop rotation, dams for flood prevention and irrigation, breeding of crops for greater productivity, differing patterns of land use) and examine how human societies experience and adapt to environmental change (e.g., forced migrations, the introduction of new technologies, the agricultural response to the Dust Bowl of the 19 thirties).
- Evaluate the effects of human modification on the natural environment of different regions through transformations caused by subsistence and commercial agriculture, industry, demand for energy, and urbanization; recognize the extent to which political and economic decisions have had significant historical impact on human and physical environments; demonstrate knowledge of current environmental problems and environmental changes (e.g., desertification, tropical deforestation, decline of fish stocks, genetic modifications of the environment, reduction of the ice caps); and analyze the actual and potential effects of these phenomena.
- Analyze different points of view on environmental issues (e.g., land use, natural resources, and wildlife habitat) and assess the role of citizens as responsible stewards of natural resources and the environment.
- Examine the effects of natural disasters on human communities (e.g., tornadoes, droughts, hurricanes, wildfires, insect infestations) and recognize how societies plan for and respond to natural disasters.
- Assess the impact of technological innovation and economic development on the interactions between human societies and the relationships between human societies and the environment.
Competency 0015–Understand and analyze the major physical and climatic features of Oklahoma and use this knowledge to examine the relationship between the physical environment and the historical development of Oklahoma.
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- Locate and describe prominent physical and human features of Oklahoma (e.g., landforms, physical regions, population centers, natural and political boundaries, natural resources).
- Identify important regions and places within Oklahoma (e.g., the Panhandle, the Prairie Plains, the Red Beds Plains, the High Plains) and examine how Oklahoma's geographic identity has changed over time (e.g., from "Indian Territory" to "Oklahoma Territory" to "the Dust Bowl" to "the Sunbelt").
- Demonstrate knowledge of Oklahoma's physical systems (e.g., the formation of the Wichita and Ouachita mountains, the Sandstone Hills, the Red River Plains, and the Arkansas River Basin; the impact of the collision of southern humid and northern continental air masses on Oklahoma's climate) and analyze how those systems have influenced patterns of settlement, population distribution, and economic activity in Oklahoma.
- Recognize Oklahoma's historical and contemporary human cultures (e.g., the Clovis and Folsom cultures; the Mound Builders; the Five Nations; the Western Plains Indians; modern ethnic, racial, and tribal communities) and assess historical and contemporary relationships between different cultural groups.
- Demonstrate knowledge of the influence of natural resources on economic development in Oklahoma and analyze interactions between the people of Oklahoma and the physical environment (e.g., the growth of the cattle industry, the construction of railroads, nineteenth-century land redistributions, irrigation, conflicts over land use, the Dust Bowl, the discovery and exploitation of oil and natural gas).
- Evaluate the role of forced and/or voluntary migration and population movement in Oklahoma history (e.g., Indian removal, European-American settlement, historical African American towns, twentieth-century Latin American and Asian immigration).
- Use geographic tools, concepts, and perspectives to analyze contemporary issues in Oklahoma (e.g., indigenous sovereignty, drought, urban sprawl).
subarea roman numeral 3–Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Competency 0016–Apply pedagogical content knowledge to design developmentally appropriate instruction to help students achieve a specific, standards-based learning goal in social studies.
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- Apply knowledge of appropriate strategies for helping students analyze primary and secondary source documents in the social studies within the core curriculum for world history and geography.
- Apply knowledge of methods for assessing student readiness for a standards-based learning goal for social studies content, including how to identify potential and apparent student difficulties.
- Apply knowledge of methods for designing specific, developmentally appropriate instruction that connects students' prior understanding and experiences to new knowledge in social studies and facilitates collaborative, interdisciplinary learning in which learners use disciplinary facts, concepts, and tools; engage in disciplinary inquiry; and create disciplinary forms of representation.
- Apply knowledge of strategies for modifying instruction to meet the needs of all students, including English language learners, students with special needs, students from diverse language and learning backgrounds, students identified as high achieving, and students at risk of academic failure.
- Apply knowledge of methods for analyzing student data and/or student work to identify and address students' strengths and needs in social studies and to plan instruction based on this information.